Silicon ( Si )


Diced Silicon substrat

Crystal properties
Crystal Type	cubic, diamond structure
Transmission Range	1.2 ... 15 µm
Refractive Index	3.4179 @ 10 µm
Reflective Loss	46.1 % @ 10 µm
Density^.	2.3291 g/cm³
Melting Point:	1420 °C
Molecular Weight:	28.086
Thermal Conductivity	163.32 W / (m K)
Specific Heat	703.4 J / (kg K) @ 25 °C
Thermal Expansion^.	4.05 × 10^–6 / K @ 10...50 °C
Hardness (Knoop)	1150 (Mohs 7)
Young’s Modulus	131 GPa
Shear Modulus	79.9 GPa
Bulk Modulus	102 GPa
Rupture Modulus	340 MPa
Elastic Coefficien	C¹¹ = 167 / C¹² = 65 / C⁴⁴ = 80 Gpa
Dielectric Constant	13 @ f = 9.37 GHz
Solubility in Water	Insoluble
Crystal Structure	single crystal
Cleavage Planes	None
Application	material for IR optic and Electronics

List of Optical Crystals
Materials	Refractive Index	Transmission Range (mm)	Density (g/cm³)	Thermal Expansion Coefficient (10^-6/K)
BK7 glass	1.5164 (588 nm)	0.330 – 2.1	2.51	7.5
SF11 glass	1.78472 (588 nm)	0.370 – 2.5	4.74	6.8
F2 glass	1.62004 (588 nm)	0.420 – 2.0	3.61	8.2
Fused Silica	1.4858 (308 nm)	0.185 – 2.5	2.20	0.55
CaF₂	1.399 (5.0 mm)	0.170 – 7.8	3.18	18.85
BaF₂	1.460 (3.0 um)	0.15 – 12.0	4.88	18.4
Sapphire	1.755 (1.0mm)	0.180 – 4.5	3.98	8.4
Silicon	3.4179 (10mm)	1.200 – 7.0	2.33	4.15
Ge	4.003 (10 mm)	1.900 – 16	5.33	6.1
ZnSe	2.40 (10 mm)	0.630 – 18	5.27	7.8
ZnS	2.2 (10mm)	0.380 –14	4.09	6.5
LiF	1.39 (500 nm)	0.150 – 5.2	2.64	37
KBr	1.526 (10 mm)	0.280 – 22	2.75	43
MgF₂	n_o = 1.3836 n_e = 1.3957 (405 nm)	0.130 – 7.0	7.37	a: 13.7 b: 8.48
YVO₄	n_o = 1.9500 n_e = 2.1554 (1.3 mm)	0.400 – 5.0	4.22	a: 4.46 b: 11.37
Calcite	n_o = 1.6557 n_e = 1.4852 (633 nm)	0.210 – 2.3	2.75	a: 24.39 b: 5.68
Quartz	n_o = 1.5427 n_e = 1.5518 (633 nm)	0.200 – 2.3	2.65	7.07
?-BBO	n_o = 1.6749 n_e= 1.5555 (532 nm)	0.190 – 3.5	3.85	a: 4.0 c: 36
LiNbO₃	n_o = 2.2863 n_e = 2.2027 (633 nm)	0.370 – 4.5	4.64	a: 16.7 c: 2.0