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Stock List Crystals & Substrates
Stock List Targets
Germanium ( Ge ) - Germanium crystal growth
Crystal properties
Crystal Type:
cubic, diamond structure
Transmission Range
1.8 ... 23 µm
Refractive Index
4.0034 @ 9.72 µm, 4.0028 @ 10.6 µm
Reflective Loss
52.9 % @ 10 µm
Density
5.323 g/cm3
Melting Point
956, 959, 942, 938 °C
Molecular Weight
72.59
Thermal Conductivity
58.61 W/(m K)
Specific Heat
310 J/(kg K) @ 25 °C
Thermal Expansion
5.5×10–6 / K, 6.1×10–6 / K
Hardness (Knoop)
780
Young’s Modulus
102.7 <100>, 155.3 <111> GPa
Shear Modulus
67 <100> GPa
Bulk Modulus
77.2 GPa
Rupture Modulus
93 MPa
Elastic Coefficient:
C11 = 129 / C12 = 48.3 / C44 = 67.1 GPa
Dielectric Constant
16.6 @ f = 9.37 GHz
Solubility in Water
Insoluble
Application
Electronics lenses, band pass filters, thermography
Remarks
laser damage threshold: 2.9 ...3.3 GW / cm2
Germanium substrates
List of Optical Crystals
Materials
TransmissionRange (mm)
Density(g/cmł)
Thermal Expansion Coefficient (10-6/K)
BK7 glass
1.5164 (588 nm)
0.330 – 2.1
2.51
7.5
SF11 glass
1.78472 (588 nm)
0.370 – 2.5
4.74
6.8
F2 glass
1.62004 (588 nm)
0.420 – 2.0
3.61
8.2
Fused Silica
1.4858 (308 nm)
0.185 – 2.5
2.20
0.55
CaF2
1.399 (5.0 mm)
0.170 – 7.8
3.18
18.85
BaF2
1.460 (3.0 um)
0.15 – 12.0
4.88
18.4
Sapphire
1.755 (1.0mm)
0.180 – 4.5
3.98
8.4
Silicon
3.4179 (10mm)
1.200 – 7.0
2.33
4.15
Ge
4.003 (10 mm)
1.900 – 16
5.33
6.1
ZnSe
2.40 (10 mm)
0.630 – 18
5.27
7.8
ZnS
2.2 (10mm)
0.380 –14
4.09
6.5
LiF
1.39 (500 nm)
0.150 – 5.2
2.64
37
KBr
1.526 (10 mm)
0.280 – 22
2.75
43
MgF2
no = 1.3836 ne = 1.3957 (405 nm)
0.130 – 7.0
7.37
a: 13.7 b: 8.48
YVO4
no = 1.9500 ne = 2.1554 (1.3 mm)
0.400 – 5.0
4.22
a: 4.46 b: 11.37
Calcite
no = 1.6557 ne = 1.4852 (633 nm)
0.210 – 2.3
a: 24.39 b: 5.68
Quartz
no = 1.5427 ne = 1.5518 (633 nm)
0.200 – 2.3
2.65
7.07
α-BBO
no = 1.6749 ne = 1.5555 (532 nm)
0.190 – 3.5
3.85
a: 4.0 c: 36
LiNbO3
no = 2.2863 ne = 2.2027 (633 nm)
0.370 – 4.5
4.64
a: 16.7 c: 2.0
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